In the early middle ages, a shield wall was formed by soldiers standing in formation shoulder to shoulder, holding their shields so that they abut or overlap. Each man benefits from the protection of his neighbor's shield, usually the man to his right, as well as his own. It is said that from this formation comes the expression "to be someone's right arm". Adopted first by the Greeks and Romans, it was particularly in use in northern Europe, between among the Normans and the Vikings, (also in the variant known as "Swine Array").
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Per l'alto medioevo, il "muro di scudi" era una formazione tipica: soldati uniti spalla a spalla, con i loro scudi posizionati in modo da accostarsi o sovrapporsi. Ogni uomo beneficia dalla protezione sia dello scudo del suo vicino, di solito l'uomo alla sua destra, sia del proprio. Si dice che da questa formazione derivi l'espressione "essere il braccio destro di qualcuno", a riprova della fiducia di ogni soldato nei suoi compagni: se uno solo cedeva, cominciavano i guai. Formazione adottata prima da Greci e Romani, era particolarmente in uso nel nord europa, sia tra i Normanni che tra i Vichinghi (anche nella variante detta "Swine Array").
Great pic! Really captures it all. I think that in such shield walls, as with the ancient ones, a weak point was on the far right man's right side. Because he had no one's shield covering him. Thus, if cavalry charge at that point, the unit will have to completely rearrange itself, but even then, the cavalry can continue to circle around until they get to hit the weaker point. But methinks this formation was slightly more for infantry vs infantry.
You're right! Infantry's weak point was always the low mobility.. On the square, the battles in the XI century were often fought between small groups of soldiers; the great battles like Hastings were quite rare, small skirmishes were the norm!